On the Equivalence between Logic Programming Semantics and Argumentation Semantics

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On the equivalence between logic programming semantics and argumentation semantics

This work has been supported by the National Research Fund, Luxembourg (LAAMI project), by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK), grant Ref. EP/J012084/1 (SAsSy project), by CNPq (Universal 2012 – Proc. 473110/2012-1), and by CNPq/CAPES (Casadinho/PROCAD 2011).Peer reviewedPreprin

On the Difference between Assumption-Based Argumentation and Abstract Argumentation

Acknowledgements The first author has been supported by the National Research Fund, Luxembourg (LAAMI project) and by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK), grant ref. EP/J012084/1 (SAsSy project). The second and third authors have been supported by CNPq (Universal 2012 - Proc. no. 473110/2012-1), CAPES (PROCAD 2009) and CNPq/CAPES (Casadinho/PROCAD 2011).Peer reviewedPostprin

On the Difference between Assumption-Based Argumentation and Abstract Argumentation

Preprin

An encompassing framework for Paraconsistent Logic Programs

AbstractWe propose a framework which extends Antitonic Logic Programs [Damásio and Pereira, in: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Springer, 2001, p. 748] to an arbitrary complete bilattice of truth-values, where belief and doubt are explicitly represented. Inspired by Ginsberg and Fitting's bilattice approaches, this framework allows a precise definition of important operators found in logic programming, such as explicit and default negation. In particular, it leads to a natural semantical integration of explicit and default negation through the Coherence Principle [Pereira and Alferes, in: European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1992, p. 102], according to which explicit negation entails default negation. We then define Coherent Answer Sets, and the Paraconsistent Well-founded Model semantics, generalizing many paraconsistent semantics for logic programs. In particular, Paraconsistent Well-Founded Semantics with eXplicit negation (WFSXp) [Alferes et al., J. Automated Reas. 14 (1) (1995) 93–147; Damásio, PhD thesis, 1996]. The framework is an extension of Antitonic Logic Programs for most cases, and is general enough to capture Probabilistic Deductive Databases, Possibilistic Logic Programming, Hybrid Probabilistic Logic Programs, and Fuzzy Logic Programming. Thus, we have a powerful mathematical formalism for dealing simultaneously with default, paraconsistency, and uncertainty reasoning. Results are provided about how our semantical framework deals with inconsistent information and with its propagation by the rules of the program

Avaliação do consumo diário de cafeína dos estudantes do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Our feed is not only a habit of eating food, but also a range of biological and social importance. Coffee is one of the most consumed foods across the globe, and it is primarily responsible for human caffeine intake. Also found in teas, energy drinks, soft drinks, cocoa, chocolate and medicines, caffeine is the most pharmacologically active substance consumed in the world. In addition to the ability to act on basal metabolism, caffeine has also been heavily studied for the correlation in the onset or complications of some pathologies. The study in question seeks to evaluate and quantify the consumption of caffeine by the students (group with high intake of this component) of a federal university, and verify if there are changes in the consumption due to the social and demographic divergences. The study is a field research, cross-sectional, type investigation. The sample was of the sample type for convenience, and the total n chosen was at least 120 CCS students, with a maximum of 30 students from the same course. An exclusive questionnaire was prepared for this study, applied online. There were a total of 129 valid answers. There were a total of 94 women and 35 men in the study. The majority of the participants were from João Pessoa (53%), followed by Campina Grande (9%). The average age was 23.2 years. With 110 positive responses, traditional coffee is the most consumed fodd by the research participants. It was observed that 51% of people who consumed coffee already felt some discomfort due to consumption, and 26% said they had already thought about stop consume coffee, and the main reason was tooth coloration, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety. The main reason to consume coffee was the taste, then the habit and then keep awake. Sleep-related problems were observed in 86 participants, and 17 of these students believe that the problem is due to caffeine. After the quantitative analysis of the food ingested by the participants, the average amount of daily caffeine was 116,4 mg. The Pharmacy course presented the highest average daily caffeine intake (143.7mg). Six participants ingested more than 400 mg of caffeine per day, exceeding the maximum safe amount of intake. It must be concerned about the amount of caffeine ingested by the students in the periods near to the tests and work of the course, since 85 participants (66%) affirm that the caffeine intake increases in that period of time. There were 114 participants (88%) who stated they were not smokers, and 15 participants (12%) who claimed to be smokers. The mean caffeine intake of smokers (152.4mg) was significantly higher than the average of non-smokers (116.7mg). The study made it possible to analyze the consumption of foods rich in caffeine and the variation of consumption according to demographic and social changes. Further studies are suggested to verify the association between caffeine consumption and health problems among students.NenhumaA alimentação não corresponde apenas ao hábito de ingerir alimentos, contemplando uma gama de importâncias biológicas e sociais. O café é um dos alimentos mais consumidos em todo o globo terrestre, e ele é o principal responsável pela ingestão de cafeína pelos seres humanos. Também encontrada em chás, bebidas energéticas, refrigerantes, cacau, chocolate e medicamentos, a cafeína é a substância farmacologicamente ativa mais consumida no mundo. Além de sua capacidade de atuar no metabolismo basal, a cafeína também vêm sendo muito estudada por sua correlação no aparecimento ou complicações de algumas patologias. O estudo em questão buscou avaliar e quantificar o consumo de cafeína dos estudantes (grupo com alta ingesta desse componente) de uma Universidade Federal, além de verificar se há alterações no consumo devido à divergências sociais e demográficas. O estudo foi uma pesquisa de campo, transversal, tipo inquérito. A amostra adotada foi do tipo amostra por conveniência, e foi escolhido um n total de no mínimo 120 alunos do CCS, com um máximo de 30 alunos do mesmo curso. Foi preparado um questionário exclusivo para esse estudo, aplicado por via online. Houveram um total de 129 respostas válidas. Houveram um total de 94 mulheres e 35 homens no estudo. A maioria dos alunos participantes eram natural de João Pessoa (53%). A média de idade foi de 23,2 anos. Com 110 respostas positivas, o café tradicional é o alimento mais consumido pelos participantes da pesquisa. Foi observado que 51% das pessoas que consomem café já sentiram algum mal estar devido ao consumo, e 26% deles afirmam já terem pensado em parar de consumir café, e o principal motivo foi a coloração dos dentes, seguida por sintomas gastrointestinais e ansiedade. O principal motivo para consumir café foi o sabor, depois o hábito e em seguida manter-se acordado. Observou-se problemas relacionados ao sono em 86 participantes, e 17 desses alunos acreditam que o problema é devido à cafeína. Após a análise quantitativa dos alimentos ingeridos pelos participantes, foi calculado e visto que a quantidade média de cafeína diária consumida é de 116,4mg. O curso Farmácia apresentou a maior média de consumo de cafeína diária (143,7mg). Seis participantes ingeriam mais de 400 mg de cafeína por dia, ultrapassando a quantidade máxima segura de ingestão. Deve-se preocupar com a quantidade de cafeína ingerida pelos alunos nos períodos próximos a provas e trabalhos do curso, já que 85 participantes (66%) afirmam que a ingestão de cafeína aumenta nesse período de tempo. Havia 114 participantes (88%) que afirmaram não ser fumantes, e 15 participantes (12%) que afirmaram ser fumantes. A média de consumo de cafeína dos fumantes (152,4mg) foi bastante superior em relação à média dos não fumantes (116,7mg). O estudo possibilitou analisar o consumo de alimentos ricos em cafeína e a variação de consumo de acordo com alterações demográficas e sociais. Sugere-se outros estudos para verificar a associação entre o consumo de cafeína e problemas de saúde entre os estudantes

Soft sensor based on Raman spectroscopy for the in-line monitoring of metabolites and polymer quality in the biomanufacturing of polyhydroxyalkanoates

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are among the most promising bio-based alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. These biodegradable polyesters can in fact be produced by fermentation from bacteria like Cupriavidus necator, thus reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacturing process. However, ensuring consistent product quality attributes is a major challenge of biomanufacturing. To address this issue, the implementation of real-time monitoring tools is essential to increase process understanding, enable a prompt response to possible process deviations and realize on-line process optimization. In this work, a soft sensor based on in situ Raman spectroscopy was developed and applied to the in-line monitoring of PHA biomanufacturing. This strategy allows the collection of quantitative information directly from the culture broth, without the need for sampling, and at high frequency. In fact, through an optimized multivariate data analysis pipeline, this soft sensor allows monitoring cell dry weight, as well as carbon and nitrogen source concentrations with root mean squared errors (RMSE) equal to 3.71, 7 and 0.03 g/L, respectively. In addition, this tool allows the in-line monitoring of intracellular PHA accumulation, with an RMSE of 14 gPHA/gCells. For the first time, also the number and weight average molecular weights of the polymer produced could be monitored, with RMSE of 8.7E4 and 11.6E4 g/mol, respectively. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy in the in -line monitoring of biotechnology processes, leading to the simultaneous measurement of several process variables in real time without the need of sampling and labor-intensive sample preparations